Firefighting Capsule Safety
One of the most widely used and available fire extinguishers is the fire extinguisher. Extinguishing capsules are divided into the following types based on the standard.
Capsules containing pressurized water
Powder and gas capsules
CO2 (carbon dioxide) gas capsule
Halogen capsule
types of flammable materials:
In general, the types of combustible and flammable materials that you encounter in your daily life are:
1- Solid combustible materials (such as wood, cloth, rubber, etc.)
2- Liquid combustible materials (such as petroleum products, alcohols, etc.)
3- Gaseous combustible materials (such as flammable gases such as butane, methane, acetylene, etc.)
methods of extinguishing fire
Based on the type of flammable materials and other factors, the ways of extinguishing fires are different, but in general, the following 3 methods are used in extinguishing and controlling fires:
1- Cooling (cutting off the heat side): by factors such as water and carbon dioxide (CO2)
2- Suffocation (cutting the air side): by factors such as soil, sand, damp blanket, powder extinguishers
3- Blocking: taking fuel by different ways, including cutting off the gas flow, cutting off the fuel flow, removing flammable materials.
Extinguishing equipment
A- Mobile: such as sand, water bucket, wet blanket, manual extinguishers with a maximum capacity of 14 kg, wheeled extinguishers with a capacity of 90 kg.
B- Third: fire box, sprinklers
Definition of the Shutters:
Extinguishers are made to be used in emergency situations with the aim of being able to prevent the spread of a fire and extinguish the fire in the initial stages. 1) water and gas capsule (water under pressure) 2) powder and gas capsule 3) CO2 capsule 4) Kef capsules 5) Halogen capsules
water and water capsule:
This type of fire extinguisher includes a water-containing capsule, whose removing agent, which is nitrogen gas, is injected into the capsule under pressure. In solid fires, this extinguisher is the best type.
Powder Capsule:
These extinguishers are divided into two types: powder and air and powder and gas (the powders include a combination of potassium carbonate or potassium acetate in water or a mixture of sodium chloride, potassium and barium) which are available in different types and weights. is The type of powder and air of this extinguisher includes a chemical powder capsule, the agent of which is nitrogen gas, which is injected into the powder capsule with pressure. The small pressure gauge on this extinguisher can be called a sign of this type of extinguisher.
The powder and gas type of this extinguisher also includes a capsule containing a chemical powder, whose release agent is nitrogen gas, unlike powder capsules and air, which was injected into the capsule in a small container called a cartridge in a compressed form. It is available that by pressing its handle, the cartridge is pierced and the gas inside is released. The reason for using nitrogen gas in extinguishers is that this gas does not liquefy under high pressure, which prevents the powder from clumping inside the capsule. This extinguisher is used for class B and C fires.
CO2 Capsule:
This type of extinguisher contains carbon dioxide gas, which is in liquid form inside the capsule, and when it comes out of the capsule, due to the sudden pressure drop, it gets extremely cold, which cools the burning object and extinguishes the fire. extinguishes The main characteristic of this type of fire extinguisher is its trumpet nozzle. This fire extinguisher is used in the fire of electrical appliances and also flammable liquids.
Halogen Capsols:
Halogenous substances are fire extinguishers whose extinguishing mechanism is very similar to CO2 gas (they are based on methane or ethane, and instead of their hydrogen, one or more halogenated substances are substituted, such as CF3Br), which means that due to heavy Being wet from air, do not quickly cover the fire and the air will settle and deprive the burning substance from the oxygen of the environment. When these materials are released from the fire extinguisher and are poured into the environment, they quickly turn into steam and evaporate.
foam off the foam (foam):
This type of extinguisher contains a solution of water and foam (there are two types of foams: chemical foam that includes aluminum sulfate and sodium bicarbonate and mechanical foam that includes soapy compounds) which turns into foam when leaving the capsule. The surface of the combustible material is poured. The use of this extinguisher is less than other extinguishers, but it is the best extinguisher to extinguish flammable liquids.
Identifying the type of extinguisher by the color of the cylinder body
The extinguisher contains water in red color
Extinguisher foam content is yellow or lemon
Extinguisher contains blue powder
The CO2 extinguisher is black in color
The extinguishing agent containing halogen is green
- It should be noted that currently most manufacturers use red color for all fire extinguishers.
time of discharge of shutdowns
To choose a suitable capsule, several points should be considered:
Materials that cause fire in the environment.
The intensity of the fire and the speed of fire propagation.
Suitability of capsules for existing conditions.
Easy to use.
Availability of people familiar with capsule work.
Environmental conditions such as temperature, wind, air flow, presence of dangerous vapors and...
Issues related to user health and safety.
The need to maintain and protect the capsule.